Osteoporosis and metabolic bone disorders are skeletal-related ailments that cause anomalies in bone density, structure, and strength. Osteoporosis is defined by decreasing bone density and quality, which results in weakening and fragile bones that are prone to fractures, notably in the spine, hip, and wrist. It generally advances without symptoms until a fracture occurs, thus early detection and prevention are critical. Aging, hormonal changes, insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions or drugs all increase the risk of osteoporosis.
Metabolic bone diseases refer to a group of conditions defined by anomalies in bone metabolism, structure, or mineralization. Examples include osteomalacia, a condition in which bones become soft due to insufficient mineralization, which is frequently caused by vitamin D deficiency; Paget’s disease of bone, a chronic condition characterized by abnormal bone remodeling, resulting in enlarged and weakened bones; and hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone leads to increased bone resorption and loss.