Neurophysiology examines the function and activities of the nervous system, including neurons and neural networks. It delves into electrical and chemical signalling, elucidating mechanisms underlying sensation, movement, and cognition. Conversely, neurodegeneration focuses on pathological processes leading to nerve cell deterioration, seen in conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. This field investigates factors triggering cellular damage, such as protein misfolding and oxidative stress. Understanding neurophysiological principles aids in deciphering disease mechanisms, facilitating the development of therapeutic interventions. By unravelling complexities in neuronal function and dysfunction, neurophysiology and neurodegeneration research strive to mitigate the burden of neurological disorders, improving patients’ quality of life.