Hip arthroplasty, often known as complete hip replacement or hip joint replacement, is a surgical operation that involves the replacement of a damaged or diseased hip joint with an artificial implant or prosthesis. When conservative therapy is ineffective for treating serious hip diseases such osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis, or hip fractures, this technique is frequently used to relieve pain, increase mobility, and restore function. Knee arthroplasty, sometimes referred to as total knee replacement (TKR) or knee joint replacement, is a surgical operation used to replace a diseased or damaged knee joint with a prosthetic or artificial implant. Those with severe knee conditions, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or advanced knee degeneration, that are not effectively managed with conservative treatments, frequently undergo this procedure to relieve pain, improve mobility, and restore function.