Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related events within populations, and the application of this study to control health problems. It involves analyzing patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions, aiming to improve public health outcomes. Epidemiologists investigate factors such as environmental exposures, socioeconomic status, genetics, and behaviours to understand disease trends and risk factors. By identifying patterns and risk factors, epidemiology informs public health policies, prevention strategies, and healthcare interventions. It plays a vital role in disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, and assessing the effectiveness of health interventions, ultimately contributing to healthier communities.