The terms “Neuroinflammation” and “Neuroinfectious diseases” describe a wide range of conditions in which the nervous system is impacted by inflammatory or infectious substances. Meningitis, encephalitis, and multiple sclerosis are common examples. These diseases may be caused by bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic infections; they may also result from autoimmune reactions that target the nervous system. While there are many distinct symptoms, fever, headaches, altered mental status, and anomalies in the nervous system are common ones. A combination of imaging studies, blood testing, and clinical examination is usually used to make a diagnosis. Treatment regimens that aim to control the underlying infection or inflammation, prevent consequences, and manage symptoms generally call for a multidisciplinary team of neurologists, immunologists, and specialists in infectious diseases.