Epidemiology is a field of medical science that studies the distribution, causes, and trends of health and disease in populations. It is the investigation of the occurrence, frequency, risk factors, and effects of diseases and health-related events in specific populations. Epidemiologists examine the causes and determinants of diseases using a variety of methodologies and approaches, including observational studies, surveillance systems, and statistical analyses. They also identify risk factors and assess the efficiency of preventative and control interventions.
Public health implications are the practical consequences and uses of epidemiological results to public health practice and policy. Epidemiological research provides essential information for public health interventions, policies, and programs aiming at improving and safeguarding population health. Epidemiology assists public health professionals in developing evidence-based strategies for disease prevention, health promotion, and healthcare delivery by identifying risk factors, interpreting illness patterns, and assessing the impact of interventions.